A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
(See Annealing) - A box which is heated, inside, by means of tubes
on which gas is burned; the hot tubes radiate their heat to the
covered pile of metal, standing on the base of the box. Usually
a protective atmosphere is maintained in the box to protect the
metal from oxidation.
A nondestructive method of internal examination in which metal
objects are exposed to a beam of X-ray or gamma radiation. Differences
in thickness, density or absorption, caused by internal defects
or inclusions, are apparent in the shadow image either on a fluorescent
screen or on photographic film placed behind the object.
Edges of sheet or strip which are torn, split, cracked, ragged
or burred or otherwise disfigured.
(For a crystal) - A group of points arranged about a center in
such a way that the line joining each point to the center is perpendicular
to a family of planes in the crystal, and the length of this line
is inversely proportional to their interplanar distance.
The removal of residual stresses by localized plastic flow as
the result of low-temperature annealing operations performed on
cold worked metals without altering the grain structure or strength
properties substantially.
A process whereby a distorted grain structure of cold worked metals
is replaced by a new, stress-free grain structure as a result of
annealing above a specific minimum temperature for a specific time.
85% Copper - A copper-zinc alloy containing approximately 15%
zinc, used for plumbing pipe, hardware, condenser tubes. Because
of its color, is used for vanity cases, coins, plaques, badges,
etc. It is somewhat stronger than commercial bronze and is hardened
more rapidly by cold working.
Brittleness in steel when it is red hot.
The percent of cross-sectional area the metal will “Neck
Down” prior to breaking in tension.
% R.A. = Original area - Area after Fracture x
100
A temperature, usually just higher than the transformation range,
employed in the heat treatment of steel to refine the structure
- in particular, the grain size.
An alclad product containing on one side a surface layer of high-purity
aluminum superimposed on a core or base alloy of commercial-purity
aluminum or an aluminum-manganese alloy. The high-purity coating
imparts good polishing characteristics and the core gives adequate
strength and formability.
A heat-resistant material, usually nonmetallic, which is used
for furnace linings and such.
A term applied to those alloys which due to hardness or abrasiveness
present relative difficulty in maintaining close dimensional tolerances.
(Steel) - A Ladle-chemical treatment consisting of the addition
of phosphorus as a work hardening agent when temper rolling black
plate or sheet steel resulting in greater hardness and stiffness
and with a corresponding loss in ductility.
NOTE - Black Plate in tempers T5 and T6 (R/B range 68/84) are
temper rolled from Rephosphorized steel.
Macroscopic stresses that are set up within a metal as the result
of nonuniform plastic deformation. This deformation may be caused
by cold working or by drastic gradients of temperature from quenching
or welding.
“Incidental” or “tramp” elements not named
in a specification. These inclusions are usually due to contaminated
scrap.
The tendency of welding process in which the work pieces are heated
by the passage of an electric current through the contact. Such
processes include spot welding, seam or line welding and percussion
welding. Flash and butt welding are sometimes considered as resistance
welding processes.
A type of welding process in which the work pieces are heated
by the passage of an electric current through the contact. Such
processes include spot welding, seam or line welding and percussion
welding. Flash and butt welding are sometimes considered as resistance
welding processes.
A term applied to a common method of winding strip steel layer
upon layer around an arbor or mandrel.
Waviness at the edge of sheet or strip.
Low-carbon steel in which incomplete deoxidation permits the metal
to remain liquid at the top of the ingot, resulting in the formation
of a bottom and side rim of considerable thickness. The rim is
of somewhat purer composition than the original metal poured. If
the rimming action is stopped shortly after pouring of the ingot
is completed, the metal is known as capped steel. Most steels below
0.15% carbon are rimmed steels. For the same carbon and manganese
content rimmed steel is softer than killed steel.
(Defect) - A slight transverse wave or shadow mark appearing at
intervals along the piece.
A standard method for measuring the hardness of metals. The hardness
is expressed as a number related to the depth of residual penetration
of a steel ball or diamond cone (“brale”) after a minor
load of 10 kilograms has been applied to hold the penetrator in
position. This residual penetration is automatically registered
on a dial when the major load is removed from the penetrator. Various
dial readings combined with different major loads, give “scales” designated
by letters varying from “A” to “H”; the “B” and “C” scales
are most commonly in use.
(See X-rays)
An operation used in forming sheet. Strips of sheet are passed
between rolls of definite settings that bend the sheet progressively
into structural members of various contours, sometimes called “molded
sections.”
Finished edges, the final contours of which are produced by side
or edging rolls. The edge contours most commonly used are square
corners, rounded corners and rounded edge.
A surface defect consisting of scale partially rolled into the
surface of the sheet.
Passing sheet or strip metal through a series of staggered small
rolls so as to flatten the metal. This method is relatively ineffective
in removing defects such as buckles, wavy edges, corrugations,
twists, etc., or from steel in the higher hardness ranges.
A term applied to the operation of shaping and reducing metal
in thickness by passing it between rolls which compress, shape
and lengthen it following the roll pattern.
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