A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A term applied to Open-Hearth steel wire in the .45/75 carbon
range either hard drawn or oil tempered. Oil tempered wire of M
B and W M B types are the most widely used of all spring wire.
Oil tempered wire is more suitable to precision forming and casting
operations than hard drawn wire because of close control of tensile
strength and superior straightness.
NOTE - M B, H B and extra H B designate Basic Open Hearth steels,
while W M B, W H B and extra W H B designate Acid Open Hearth Steels.
The chemical composition and the mechanical properties are the
same for both basic and acid steel.
Consists of immersing a carefully prepared section of the steel
in hot acid and of examining the etching surface to evaluate the
soundness and homogeneity of the product being tested.
A photographic reproduction of any object that has not been magnified
more than ten times.
Visible either with the naked eye or under low magnification (as
great as about ten diameters).
The structure of metal as revealed by macroscopic examination.
(Chemical symbol Mg.) - Element No. 12 of the periodic system;
atomic weight 24.305. Specific gravity 1.77 with a melting point
of approximately 1160°F. A silver-white light malleable, ductile
metallic element that occurs abundantly in nature. The metal is
used in metallurgical and chemical processes; in photography, in
signaling, and in the manufacture of pyrotechnics because of the
intense white light it produces on burning.
The property that determines the ease of deforming a metal when
the metal is subjected to rolling or hammering. The more malleable
metals can be hammered or rolled into thin sheet more easily than
others.
A process of annealing white cast iron in such a way that the
combined carbon is wholly or partly transformed to graphitic or
free carbon or in some instances, part of the carbon is removed
ompletely.
(Chemical symbol Mn.) - Element No. 25 of the periodic system;
atomic weight 54.93. Lustrous, reddish-white metal of hard brittle
and, therefore, non-malleable character. The metal is used in large
quantities in the form of Spiegel and Ferromanganese for steel
manufacture as well as in manganese and many copper-base alloys.
Its principal function is as an alloy in steel making: (1) It is
a ferrite-strengthening and carbide forming element. It increases
hardenability inexpensively, with a tendency toward embrittlement
when too high carbon and too high manganese accompany each other.
(2) It counteracts brittleness from sulfur.
A distinctive needle like structure existing in steel as a transition
stage in the transformation of austenite. It is the hardest constituent
of steel of eutectoid composition. It is produced by rapid cooling
from quenching temperature and is the chief constituent of hardened
carbon tool steels. Martensite is magnetic.
Has a body centered tetragonal (BCT) structure. These alloys are
chromium stainless steels with medium to high carbon levels. They
work harden slowly in the annealed (soft) condition but can be
heat-treated to very high tensile strengths.
The principal phase in which another constituent is embedded.
(Steel) - Not as smooth as normal mill finish. Produced by etched
or mechanically roughened finishing rolls.
Those properties of a material that reveal the elastic and inelastic
reaction when force is applied, or that involve the relationship
between stress and strain; for example, the modulus of elasticity,
tensile strength and fatigue limit. These properties have often
been designated as “physical properties,” but the term “mechanical
properties” is much to be preferred. The mechanical properties
of steel are dependent on its microstructure. (See Physical Properties)
Any spring produced by cold forming from any material with or
without subsequent heat treatment.
Plastic deformation or other physical change to which metal is
subjected, by rolling, hammering, drawing, etc. to change its shape,
properties or structure.
Contains from 0.30% to 0.60% carbon and less than 1.00% manganese.
May be made by any of the standard processes.
The range of temperature in which an alloy melts, that is the
range between solidus and liquidus temperatures.
The science concerning the constituents and structure of metals
and alloys as revealed by the microscope.
(a) Element intermediate in luster and conductivity between the
true metals and non-metals. Arsenic, antimony, boron, tellurium,
and selenium, etc., are generally considered metalloids; frequently
one allotropic modification of an element will be non-metallic,
another metalloid in character. Obviously, no hard and fast line
can be drawn. (b) In steel metallurgy, metalloid in has a specialized,
even of erroneous, meaning; is covers elements commonly present
in simple steel; carbon, manganese, phosphorus, silicon and sulfur.
A process for applying a coating of metal to an object. The metal,
usually in the form of wire, is melted by an oxyhydrogen or oxyacetylene
blast or by an electric arc and is projected at high speed by gas
pressure against the object being coated.
The structure of polished and etched metal and alloy specimens
as revealed by the microscope.
The edge of strip, sheet or plate in the as rolled state. Unsheared.
A surface finish produced on sheet and plate. Characteristic of
the ground finish used on the rolls in fabrication.
(Tension) - Force which would be required to stretch a substance
to double its normal length, on the assumption that it would remain
perfectly elastic, i.e., obey Hooke’s Law throughout the test.
The ratio of stress to strain within the perfectly elastic range.
Of a material suffering shear, the ratio of the intensity of the
shear stress across the section to the shear strain, i.e., to the
angle of distortion in radians; expressed on pounds or tons per
square inch.
A form of cavity onto which molten metal is poured to produce
a desired shape.
(Chemical Symbol Mo) - Element No. 42 of the periodic system;
atomic weight 95.95. Hard, tough metal of grayish-white color,
becoming very ductile and malleable when properly treated at high
temperatures; melting point 4748°F .; boiling point about 6600°F;
specific gravity 10.2. Pure molybdenum can best be obtained as
a black powder, by reduction of molybdenum trioxide or ammonium
molybdate with hydrogen. From this powder, ductile sheet and wire
are made by powder metallurgy techniques; these are used on radio
and related work. Its principal functions as an alloy in steel
making: (1) Raises grain-coarsening temperature of austenite. (2)
Deepens hardening. (3) Counteracts tendency toward temper brittleness.
(4) Raises hot and creep strength, red hardness. (5) Enhances corrosion
resistance in stainless steel. (6) Forms abrasion-resisting particles.
(A Refractory Alloy) - Alpha-beta brass, 60% copper and 40% zinc.
Stronger than alpha-brass and used for castings and hot-worked
(rolled, stamped, or extruded) products. High strength brasses
are developed from this by adding other elements.
A polished high tensile strength cold drawn wire with higher tensile
strength and higher torsional strength than any other material
available. The high toughness characteristic of this material is
obtained by the patenting. Such wire is purchased according to
tensile strength, not hardness.
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