A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
(Concerning cubic space lattices) - Having equivalent points
at the corners of the unit cell and at the centers of its six
faces. A face-centered cubic space lattice is characteristic
of one of the close-packed arrangements of equal hard spheres.
The phenomenon leading to fracture under repeated or fluctuating
stress. Fatigue fractures are progressive beginning as minute
cracks and grow under the action of fluctuating stress.
Has a body centered cubic (BCC) structure. These alloys are
the chromium stainless steels containing low carbon levels. They
are hardenable primarily by cold working, although some will
harden slightly by heat treating. Ferritic stainless steels work
harden much slower than austentitic stainless steels.
An alloy of iron with a sufficient amount of some element or
elements such as manganese, chromium or vanadium for use as a
means in adding these elements into molten steel.
An alloy of iron and manganese (80% manganese) used in making
additions of manganese to steel or cast-iron.
Related to iron (derived from the Latin ferrum.) Ferrous alloys
are, therefore, iron base alloys.
Direction in which metals have been caused to flow, as by rolling,
with microscopic evidence in the form of fibrous appearance in
the direction of flow.
Unit stress which exists at any given point in a structural
element subjected to load; given as load per unit area.
Finished edges, the final contours of which are produced by
drawing the strip over a series of small steel files. This is
the usual and accepted method of dressing the edges of annealed
spring steel strip after slitting in cases where edgewise slitting
cracks are objectionable or slitting burr is to be removed.
Steel that is ready for the market without further work or treatment.
Blooms, billets, slabs, sheet bars and wire rods are termed “semi-finished”.
The surface appearance of the various metals after final treatment
such as rolling, etc. Over the years the following finishes have
become recognized as standard in their respective fields.
ALUMINUM SHEET
(A) Commercially Bright.
(B) Bright one side.
(A) Bright both sides
(D) Embossed Sheets (Produced by using embossed rolls.)
BLACK PLATE
(A) Dull finish without luster produced by use of roughened
rolls.
(B) Bright finish - a luster finish produced by use of
rolls having a moderately smooth surface.
COLD ROLLED STEEL
SHEETS
(A) Commercial Finish. A dull satin surface texture produced
by roughened rolls.
(B) Commercial Bright Finish. Bright in appearance with
a texture between luster and a very fine matte finish.
(C) Luster Finish. Produced by use of ground and polished
rolls. (Note: This is not a number 3 finish.)
No. 1 Finish - A dull finish produced without luster
by rolling on roughened rolls.
No. 2 Finish - A regular bright finish produced by rolling
on moderately bright rolls.
No. 3 Finish - Best Bright Finish. A lustrous or high
gloss finish produced by rolling on highly polished rolls. Also
referred to as “Mirror Finish”.
COPPER BASE ALLOYS
Acid Dipped - Dry rolled finished. Produced by dry cold
rolling bi-chromate dipped alloy with polished rolls, resulting
in a burnished appearance and retaining the color obtained by
dipping (True Metal Color).
Bright Dipped Finish - Finish resulting from an acid
dip.
Buffed or Polished Surface - A finish obtained by buffing,
resulting in a high gloss or polished finish.
Cold Rolled Finish - A relatively smooth finish obtained
by cold rolling plain pickled strip with a lubricant.
Dry Rolled Finish - A burnished finish resulting from
dry cold rolling by use of polished rolls without any metal lubricant.
Hot Rolled Finish - A dark relatively rough oxidized
finish resulting from rolling the metal while hot. May subsequently
be pickled or bright dipped but the rough surface remains.
Stretched Brushed Finish (Satin Finish) Obtained by mechanically
brushing with wire brushes or by buffing.
No. 2 Finish - A regular bright finish.
No. 3 Finish - Best Bright High Gloss finish produced
by use of polished rolls. Or by special buffing - this is a negotiated
finish.
No. 1 Finish - C. R. Annealed and pickled appearance
varies from dull gray matte finish to a fairly reflective surface.
No. 2B Finish - Same as No.1 Finish followed by a final
light cold rolled pass generally on highly polished rolls.
No. 2D Finish - A dull cold rolled finish produced by
cold rolling on dull rolls.
No. 3 Finish - This is an intermediate polished finish.
No. 4 Finish - Ground and Polished finish.
No. 6 Finish - Ground, Polished and Tampico Brushed.
No. 7 Finish - Ground and High Luster Polished.
No. 8 Finish - Ground and Polished to Mirror Finish.
TEMPERED and UNTEMPERED
COLD ROLLED CARBON SPRING
STEEL STRIP
Classified by description as follows:
(A) Black Oil Tempered.
(B) Scaleless Tempered.
(A) Bright Tempered.
(D) Tempered and Polished.
(E) Tempered, Polished and Colored (Blue or Straw).
TIN PLATE
(A) Bright Hot Dipped Finish.
(B) Electro Matte Dull Finish.
(C) Electro Bright Reflow Finish - produced by the in-the-line
thermal treatment following electrodeposition.
Temperature of final hot-working of a metal.
A process of softening a metal by the application of heat from
a high temperature flame.
A process of hardening a ferrous alloy by heating it above the
transformation range by means of a high-temperature flame, and
then cooling as required.
An extremely flat, very smooth, very accurate to gage, polished,
hardened and tempered spring steel produced from approximately
1.15% carbon. The name is derived from its common and principle
usage.
(See Roller and Stretcher Leveling)
Supplied cold rolled and annealed. Carbon content .85. Supplied
both in coil and flat length. Used to make flat latch needles
which are used in the manufacture of knitted goods.
A flat Cold Rolled, prepared edge section up to ¼” wide,
rectangular in shape. Generally produced from hot rolled rods
or specially prepared round wire by one or more cold rolling
operations, primarily for the purpose of obtaining the size and
section desired. May also be produced by slitting cold rolled
flat metal to desired width followed by edge dressing.
Always visible to a greater or less degree when a longitudinal
section has been subjected to Macro etching, indicating
the direction of work or rolling.
The shear stress required to cause plastic deformation of solid
metals.
Kinking or breakage due to curving of metal strip on a radius
so small, with relation to thickness, as to stretch the outer
surface above its elastic limit. Not to be confused with the
specific product, Fluted Tubes.
Metal in any width but no more than about 0.005” thick.
Defects caused in metal by continued fabrication of overlapping
surfaces.
Surface appearance of metals when broken.
Nicking and breaking a bar by means of sudden impact, to enable
macroscopic study of the fracture.
A series of relatively short surface scratches variable in form
and severity. (See Galling)
Used principally on iron and steel, means heating the metal
to about 100°F. above the critical temperature range, followed
by “soaking” at this point and slow cooling below the
critical temperature.
Steel sheet or strip reduced either hot or cold, cleaned, annealed,
and then cold-rolled to a bright finish.
(A) No. 1 Temper. In low carbon sheet or strip steel, stiff
and springy, not suitable for bending in any direction. It is
the hardest temper obtainable by hard cold rolling. (B) In Stainless
Steel Strip, tempers are based on minimum tensile or yield strength.
For Chromium-Nickel grades Full Hard temper is 185,000 TS, 140,000
YS Min. Term also used in connection with copper base alloys
and considered synonymous with Hard Temper.
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